You are using an outdated browser and your browsing experience will not be optimal. Please update to the latest version of Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox. Install Microsoft Edge

December 13, 2021

Bank of Thailand to Update Foreign Exchange Business Regulations

Subscribe to Updates

On November 23, 2021, Thailand’s cabinet approved in principle the amended Ministerial Regulation No. 13 issued under the Exchange Control Act, B.E. 2485 (1942), as amended (ECA).

The ECA is an integral instrument of the Bank of Thailand (BOT) for regulating businesses relating to foreign means of payment (i.e., foreign exchange business) and controlling inward and outward remittances as well as exchange and conversion between Thai baht and foreign currencies. Under the current ECA, no party may purchase, sell, lend, exchange, or transfer foreign currencies except for authorized juristic persons (bank and non-bank entities) or authorized individuals who are licensed by the Ministry of Finance.

The major amendments to Ministerial Regulation No. 13 of the ECA introduce a number of changes to the current regulations for foreign exchange business operations:

  • Expansion of the scope of foreign exchange business
    The scope of a foreign exchange business is currently limited to purchasing, selling, lending, and exchanging foreign currency in the form of banknotes, coins, and travelers’ cheques (i.e., banknotes-to-banknotes conversion only). The new amendments will expand the scope of foreign exchange business to include more foreign currency payment types. For instance, foreign travelers will be able to use credit or debit cards issued by a foreign commercial bank to exchange for cash (i.e., card-to-banknotes conversion).
  • Additional modes of authorizing foreign exchange businesses
    Licensing is currently the only mode of authorization for a foreign exchange business in Thailand. Under the amended regulations, there will be two options for authorization: licensing or registration. While the exact requirements and definition of “registration” will become clearer after the actual amended regulation and any subordinate legislation become available, this indication of an additional mode of authorization may imply varying requirements and burdens in the application process.
  • Allowance of a foreign exchange business license to cover all branches and channels
    A license is currently granted for a fixed location or channel (i.e., one-to-one), which means each additional branch of business operations requires a separate license. Under the amendments, licenses will no longer be tied to a specific location or channel but will cover all locations of business operations (i.e., one-to-many). However, the new registration mode is one-to-one, meaning that every business branch or service channel will have to apply for separate registration.
  • Relaxation of foreign-source income rules
    Current regulations require those who earn income in foreign currencies from foreign sources to either sell the currency to a commercial bank in Thailand or deposit it into a foreign-currency account. The amended regulations allow such foreign currencies to also be used for other transactions, such as payment of trade debts. In addition, it will be possible to use foreign-source income in foreign currencies for transactions (other than selling or depositing) with any authorized juristic person or authorized money exchange operator that has successfully applied for a foreign exchange business license or registration in Thailand.
  • Removal of possibility for individuals to apply for a foreign exchange business license
    Currently, both individuals and juristic persons (e.g., companies) can apply for a license to engage in a foreign exchange business—and as of October 19, 2021, BOT statistics indicated that 114 of the 2,326 authorized foreign money exchange operations in Thailand were individuals. Under the new regulations, however, individuals may no longer apply for a license. Only juristic persons will be able to apply for a license to engage in the foreign exchange business. Individuals who are currently holding a license will be allowed to continue their business operation for up to three years from the effective date of the amended ECA; beyond that they will no longer be allowed foreign exchange business operations in Thailand.
  • New possible disqualification for directors, management, and majority shareholders
    Under the current rules, individuals are disqualified from serving as directors, managers, and major shareholders of a license holder by bankruptcy, imprisonment for a foreign exchange violation, or a sentence for a money-laundering or counter-terrorist financing crime. The amended regulations add another offense to the list of possible disqualifications: conducting a foreign exchange business without a valid license or registration.

The expected modernizing effects of this draft amendment on the regulatory regime for foreign exchange businesses come in response to the fast development of the fintech industry and emerging innovative means of payment. The draft also adopts more stringent requirements and international standards in order to achieve good governance.

Following the cabinet approval, the draft amendment to Ministerial Regulation No. 13 under the ECA will undergo consideration by the Council of State, after which it will take effect. This process will likely be completed in the coming months.

For guidance on any aspect of exchange control or foreign investment regulations in Thailand, please contact Kobkit Thienpreecha at [email protected] or +66 2056 5534, Nutavit Sirikan at [email protected] or +66 2056 5510, or Thammapas Chanpanich at [email protected] or +66 2056 5561.

Related Professionals

Practices

Banking and Finance

Capital Markets

Corporate/M&A

Location

RELATED INSIGHTS​ 

February 19, 2025
On January 3, 2025, the Bank of the Lao PDR (BOL) issued Decision No. 11/BOL on the Use of Foreign Currency in Lao PDR, taking effect on the same date. This decision sets out the rules for using foreign currency in Laos and ensures the Lao kip (LAK) remains the primary currency while allowing flexibility for international transactions. Key points in the decision are outlined below. Permissible Activities for Foreign Currency The decision provides that authorized entities can use foreign currency as a secondary currency to LAK in the setting of cost and pricing structures, announcing and advertising prices, and making or receiving payments for goods and services that are imported or have manufacturing inputs imported from other countries. Otherwise, LAK is the only permitted currency. The decision also stipulates that foreign exchange must be conducted only via authorized commercial banks or foreign exchange markets. The exchange rate for setting costs, pricing structures, announcing and advertising prices, and making and receiving payments for goods and services in foreign currency must match the exchange rate announced by commercial banks from time to time. Businesses Allowed to Use Foreign Currency The decision allows certain businesses and organizations to use foreign currency. These entities are divided into two groups: those that need approval before using foreign currency, and those that can use it immediately. Enterprises that can use foreign currency with BOL approval include: Businesses that export goods or services and entities that lease or obtain concessions from the government, generating revenue in foreign currency through commercial banks. Enterprises that provide international freight and passenger transportation services. Enterprises that provide services related to cross-border logistics and warehousing. Enterprises located at international borders and airports, such as duty-free shops and restaurants. Enterprises that have obligations to make payments in foreign currency to other
Read More
February 17, 2025
Thailand’s draft Emergency Decree on Technology Crimes Suppression, which we covered in a client alert in January 2025 primarily addressed to telecom operators and financial institutions, is expected to have significant implications for a wide range of business operators.  The draft emergency decree has already been approved by the cabinet but may undergo further developments as it continues in the legislative process. In this article, we will highlight the material impacts of the draft emergency decree on overseas and local fintech operators. Expanded Definition of “Technology Crimes” The definition of “technology crimes” now includes the following acts of forgery or alteration: Forging or altering the identity of individuals and biometric characteristics by utilizing computer or communication systems or other electronic means to commit offenses. Forging or altering symbols, trademarks, or seals of groups (e.g., foundations, community enterprises) or juristic persons, including acts by juristic persons using individuals or juristic persons as nominal directors or shareholders, regardless of whether such individuals or legal juristic persons reside in Thailand. Forging or altering digital or online platforms, regardless of the platform’s location or legal status. Individuals who conspire, utilize, assist, or support the commission of these offenses will face the same penalties as the principal offender. Business Operator Definition The scope of “business operators” is now expanded to cover various fintech and digital asset operators beyond those under the Payment Systems Act (PSA). The draft emergency decree now includes the following operators, whether they are legally authorized or not: Business operators under the PSA and business operators who operate “as if” they are payment system operators Business operators under the Royal Decree on Digital Asset Businesses or business operators who operate “as if” they are digital asset business operators. Foreign exchange business operators. Disclosure and Exchange of Information Business operators must disclose
Read More
February 11, 2025
On January 24, 2025, the prime minister of Vietnam issued Decision No. 232/QD-TTg, approving the proposal for establishment and development of a carbon market in Vietnam. The decision establishes a compliance mechanism for greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters and creates opportunities for investors interested in carbon trading in Vietnam. Market Development Roadmap Decision 232 establishes a phased approach to developing Vietnam’s carbon market, with the following ambitious milestones: Before June 2025 (preparation period): The legal framework for trading of emissions quotas and carbon credits and a carbon-credit offset exchange mechanism will be developed, along with the necessary infrastructure for organization and operation of the carbon-credit market. From June 2025 to the end of December 2028 (pilot period): A pilot domestic carbon exchange will be launched, with continued legal refinements. From 2029 (official launch period): The carbon market will be fully operational. Carbon Market Structure and Trading Mechanisms Vietnam’s carbon market will function as a centralized, government-regulated exchange, trading two main assets: GHG emissions quotas (allowances) allocated to regulated emitters, which can be traded or auctioned; and Carbon credits generated from domestic and international projects that are certified for trading. The carbon credits generated from international projects include those originating from international exchange or offset-crediting mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the Joint Credit Mechanism (JCM), and Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. The National Registration System for GHG emissions quotas and carbon credits will be primarily developed and operated by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. Transactions of GHG emissions quotas and carbon credits will occur on the domestic carbon exchange, managed by the Hanoi Stock Exchange, and will follow a centralized process where verified quotas and credits receive unique domestic codes for trading and participants must have depository accounts. The Vietnam Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation
Read More
February 7, 2025
Vietnam’s political system is currently undergoing a significant reorganization to streamline government operations and improve efficiency. In this regard, Plan 141/KH-BCDTKNQ18, issued on December 6, 2024, provided guidelines on the restructuring of existing ministries, ministerial-level agencies, and government-affiliated agencies. Accordingly, the number of ministries is being reduced from 18 to 14 through mergers and consolidations and the establishment of a new Ministry of Ethnic and Religious Affairs. The number of ministerial-level agencies is being reduced to three, and government-affiliated agencies to five. Similar streamlining is happening at provincial levels. The newly consolidated state agencies will assume all functions, rights, and responsibilities of the merged entities, and will continue handling all ongoing matters previously handled by the former agencies. Some examples of these changes include the following: The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) will oversee telecommunications, IT applications, cybersecurity, e-transactions, and national digital transformation, which had previously been managed by the Ministry of Information and Communications (MIC). MOST will also be responsible for issuing licenses related to these areas, such as licenses for G1 online game services and telecommunication services. The Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism will assume the responsibility of press management, previously under the MIC. The Ministry of Finance will assume state management functions related to investment, previously handled by the Ministry of Planning and Investment. Provincial Departments of Finance will issue Investment Registration Certificates and Enterprise Registration Certificates, a responsibility previously held by the Departments of Planning and Investment. The Ministry of Home Affairs will oversee labor and employment matters. Provincial Departments of Home Affairs will be authorized to issue work permits and will be the designated authorities for companies to register their internal labor regulations. Advantages for Businesses The restructuring aims to simplify regulations and expedite licensing processes. By reducing the number of agencies
Read More