Vietnam’s new Decree No. 147/2024/ND-CP on the management, provision, and use of internet services and online information (“Decree 147”), which will come into effect on December 25, 2024, replacing Decree No. 72/2013/ND-CP (“Decree 72”), introduces several changes to the regime for domain name dispute resolution. The new decree aims to clarify the legal framework and address some longstanding inconsistencies between Vietnam’s laws on intellectual property and information technology. The main changes related to domain name dispute resolution under Decree 147 are summarized below. Removal of Prescriptive Actions Decree 147 no longer lists specific actions for resolving domain name disputes. Decree 72 had outlined three methods: negotiation/mediation, arbitration, and court. However, IP practitioners had long criticized this approach, arguing it conflicted with the IP Law, which additionally allows administrative action. By omitting these methods, the new decree implies an acceptance of administrative action as provided in the IP Law. However, Decree 147 remains silent on establishing a dispute resolution forum aligned with the CPTPP’s requirement for a UDRP-like model. Currently, Vietnam’s available forums do not fully conform to the UDRP framework. An anticipated circular may provide further guidance on this aspect. Deactivation of Domain Names Decree 72 does not have any provision on the deactivation of a domain name. However, Decree 147 has stipulated some situations where domain names will be deactivated, such as when there is a request from an authority, or when it is discovered that incorrect information was used for registration. Clearer Criteria for Dispute Resolution Article 16 of Decree 147 sets out three clear criteria that must be met for domain name dispute resolution to proceed: (i) confusing similarity with the plaintiff’s trademark, trade name, or personal name; (ii) the defendant’s lack of legitimate rights or interests in the domain name; and (iii) bad faith. Previously, Decree 72’s broader list of elements led to potential

クラウドファンディングは、特にスタートアップ企業や中小企業にとって、資金調達の有望な選択肢となっている。タイでは、投資型クラウドファンディングは基本的に証券取引委員会（SEC: Securities and Exchange Commission）の監督下にある。SECは、クラウドファンディングのポータルにライセンスを与えて監督する責任があり、投資家保護及び市場の健全性を確保しながら、規制要件の遵守を保証する。 タイのクラウドファンディング規制は、SECの認可を受けたクラウドファンディング・ポータルを通じて株式や債券を販売することで、非上場企業が資金を調達することを認めている。この枠組みは、代替的な資金調達手段を求める企業や、新たな機会を求める投資家にとって、新たな可能性を開くものである。 クラウドファンディング・ポータル タイの規制では、「クラウドファンディング・ポータル」は、有価証券を販売するために開発されたウェブサイト、携帯電話アプリケーション、その他同様の電子メディアと定義されている。 タイでクラウドファンディング・ポータルを運営するには、申請者はいくつかの主要な要件を満たす必要がある： タイ法人：申請者はタイ法上の法人として設立しなければならない。この要件により、ポータル運営者が現地での重要なプレゼンスを持ち、タイの法律に従うことが保証される。 最低資本金： 最低500万タイバーツの払込済み登録資本金が必要である。この資本要件は、ポータル運営者が運営を維持するのに十分な財源を確保するのに役立つ。 運営準備：申請者は、SECに運営承認を申請する時点で、クラウドファンディング・ポータルのシステムを使用できる状態にしておかなければならない。この要件は、クラウドファンディング・ポータルサービスを提供するための申請者の技術的能力と準備を示すものである。 これらの要件は、クラウドファンディング・ポータルの運営者が十分な資本を持ち、技術的な準備を終え、タイのマーケット内で運営することを保証するためのものである。 ビジネス及び投資への影響 タイにおけるクラウドファンディングの規制枠組みは、認可を受けたクラウドファンディング・ポータルが資金調達のための構造化された規制環境を提供するため、非上場企業に資金調達の新たな手段を提供する。ただし、こうした枠組みを通じて証券を販売する場合、企業はSECの規制を確実に遵守しなければならない。 投資家にとって、クラウドファンディングは、特にスタートアップ企業や中小企業に新たな投資機会を提供する。SECが提供する規制監視は、ある程度の保護と標準化を提供する。クラウドファンディング投資に関連するリスクを理解し、投資先候補のデューデリジェンスを行う投資家にとって、クラウドファンディングは投資を多様化する魅力的な手段となり得る。 クラウドファンディングの規制的枠組みの確立は、より多様性のある包括的な金融エコシステムに向けたタイの取り組みにおける重要な一歩となる。企業が資本を調達し、投資家が新たな機会に参加するための構造化された環境を提供することで、クラウドファンディングは進化するタイのフィンテック状況においてイノベーションと経済成長を促進する可能性を秘めている。 タイのクラウドファンディング規制の詳細については、Athistha (Nop) Chitranukroh又Pornpan Wichawutはまでお問い合わせください。   備考：本和文は英文記事を翻訳したものです。原文については、以下のリンクをご参照ください。 Fintech Insights: Crowdfunding Regulations in Thailand

タイ証券取引委員会（SEC: Securities and Exchange Commission）は2024年9月18日、外資系事業者がタイで投資サービスを提供しやすくするための包括的なガイドラインを発表した。このガイドラインは、タイが世界的な金融ハブになるという目標を支援し、ビジネスのしやすさを強化する政府の取り組みと一致するように設計されている。 ガイドラインは主に、外国企業が証券やデリバティブのライセンスを申請するプロセスを合理化し、証券（株式、投資信託、集団投資スキームなど）やデリバティブ（先物やオプションなど）を提供する事業者のタイ市場への参入をより迅速かつ透明性の高いものにすることに焦点を当てている。 迅速なライセンス取得 新ガイドラインの下で、SECはタイでの証券ビジネスを希望する外国企業に支援を提供する。この支援には、タイで法人を設立していること、5年以上連続してグループ会社のシステムを運営していること、IOSCO MMoU（International Organization of Securities Commissions Multilateral Memorandum of Understanding Concerning Consultation and Cooperation and the Exchange of Information:  証券監督者国際機構協議・協力及び情報交換に関する多国間覚書）に基づく規制当局の監督を受けていることなど、一定の資格を満たす外国企業に対する迅速なライセンス取得プロセスが含まれる。 またSECは商務省と協力し、投資信託の純資産価値計算・評価や資本市場商品の販売促進など、証券やデリバティブ業務に関連または支援する特定のサービスを提供する企業に対し、外国事業ライセンスの免除を認めている。外国事業ライセンスの申請は、外国事業者にとって複雑なプロセスであったが、この免除措置により、そのような複雑さを軽減することができる。 規制負担軽減のための対象ライセンス免除 特定の投資サービスを提供する外国人事業者は、証券およびデリバティブのライセンス取得要件が全面的に免除される可能性があり、完全なライセンス取得プロセスに関連する時間とコストが節約でき、迅速かつ効率的に事業を開始することができる。主な免除される事項は以下の通り： 機関投資家のみにデリバティブ・サービスを提供する外国業者は、デリバティブ・ディーラーとしての登録のみが必要となる。これは、ライセンスの厳格な要件に比べ、軽微なものである。 外国業者は、(i)適格な行動/プロトコルの下で投資アドバイスを提供する場合、または(ii)現地でライセンスを取得した仲介業者を通じてタイの投資家のオフショア投資を支援する場合は、ライセンスが免除される。 タイにおける限定的な事業に対する柔軟性 ガイドラインの下、SECはタイで小規模な事業展開を希望する事業者に引き続き柔軟性を認めている。外国事業者は次のことが可能である： 市場情報を収集するためにタイに駐在員事務所を設置すること。ただし、駐在員事務所の活動がタイでの証券業務の運営や証券の募集に関与しないことを条件とする。駐在員事務所の設立にはSECの承認が必要である。 調査やバックオフィスのサポートなど、非中核業務を現地企業に委託する。 SECの支援と柔軟性が増したとはいえ、法律や罰則が複雑であるため、外国人事業者はタイ市場に参入する前に現地の専門家に相談することをお勧めする。 タイで証券／デリバティブ商品を販売するための実務的なガイドラインについて、あるいはライセンスの申請について、さらに詳しい説明が必要な場合は、弊所の専門家Kobkit Thienpreecha（[email protected]）、Patcharaporn Pootranon（[email protected]）、Veerakorn Samranweth（[email protected]）、Nutavit Sirikan（[email protected]）までお問い合わせください。   備考：本和文は英文記事を翻訳したものです。原文については、以下のリンクをご参照ください。 New Thai SEC Guidelines Simplify Market Entry for Foreign Securities Businesses  

On November 9, 2024, the government of Vietnam promulgated Decree No. 147/2024/ND-CP on the management, provision, and use of internet services and online information (“Decree 147”). This decree supersedes the previous Decree No. 72/2013/ND-CP dated July 15, 2013, on the same topic (“Decree 72”) and its amending regulations, and will take effect on December 25, 2024. Spanning over 200 pages, with an appendix of 62 forms, Decree 147 addresses a wide range of key internet and online topics, including internet services; domain names; cross-border information provision; social network services; aggregated information websites; online game services; app store services; information content services on mobile telecom networks; responsibilities of telecom, internet, web hosting, data center, and telecom application service providers; and measures to handle illegal content. This decree is expected to have a significant impact on both onshore and offshore service providers in the respective fields, and will potentially tighten the regulatory landscape for internet services and online information provision in Vietnam. Some highlights from the new Decree 147 compared to its predecessor are detailed below. Cross-Border Information Provision Offshore service providers, including offshore social network service providers and offshore app store service providers, who provide services on a cross-border basis and either lease data storage in Vietnam or meet a threshold of 100,000 or more total visits per month from Vietnam for six consecutive months must adhere to stricter requirements than other providers. Notable obligations of these regulated cross-border providers include: Notifying the Authority of Broadcasting and Electronic Information (ABEI) of their contact information. Monitoring and removing illegal content. Storing and managing user data as required. Authenticating social network user accounts using Vietnamese mobile number or ID number. Reporting to the ABEI annually as well as on an ad hoc Handling user complaints. Only cross-border providers who have notified the ABEI of their contact details according to a stipulated form are

In recent years, Thailand has taken significant steps to regulate and integrate digital assets into its financial ecosystem. This article explores the regulatory framework governing digital asset businesses in Thailand, focusing on the key legislation, regulated activities, and recent developments in this rapidly evolving sector. Regulatory Environment In 2018, Thailand enacted the Emergency Decree on Digital Asset Businesses, marking a pivotal moment in the country’s approach to cryptocurrencies and digital tokens. This decree, supervised by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Ministry of Finance, provides a comprehensive regulatory framework for both the primary and secondary markets of digital assets. For the primary market, the decree regulates the issuance and sale of digital assets through initial coin offerings (ICOs). A key feature of this regulation is the requirement for ICOs to be conducted through SEC-approved ICO portals. This approach aims to provide a structured and supervised environment for companies seeking to raise funds through digital token sales. In the secondary market, the decree outlines the regulatory framework for various digital asset intermediaries, including digital asset exchanges, brokers, dealers, advisory services, fund managers, and custodians. In implementing its digital asset-related policies, the SEC imposes ongoing obligations on licensed digital asset intermediaries. These include restrictions on the listing of certain digital assets on digital asset exchanges, and limitations on intermediaries facilitating digital assets as a means of payment. Regulatory Trends and Outlook The SEC has demonstrated a commitment to regularly revising its digital asset regulations to keep pace with global trends and market developments. A notable example of this approach is the SEC’s efforts to refine the classification of nonregulated ready-to-use utility tokens by dividing these tokens into two groups: Group 1: Ready-to-use utility tokens issued for consumption purposes or as a digital representation of a certificate (e.g., NFTs with specific rights for holders, carbon credit certificates). Group 2:

Thailand’s Electronic Transactions Committee has publicized a new draft notification detailing additional duties for specific marketplace digital platform service operators under Section 18(2) of the Royal Decree on Operation of Digital Platform Service Businesses Subject to Prior Notification B.E. 2565 (2022). The draft notification, which is open for public comments until November 30, 2024, aims to provide enhanced protection for users of “specific marketplace platforms” (defined below). Some key points of the draft notification are detailed below. Scope The draft notification applies to “marketplace digital platform services,” which refers to digital platform services that serve as an intermediary for buying or exchanging goods and provide services to facilitate sale transactions, such as providing communication systems (e.g., chat features), shopping carts, delivery arrangements, and supplemental payment processing facilitation. “Specific marketplace platforms” refers to Section 18(2) of the Royal Decree on Digital Platform Services, which covers digital platform services that pose risks to financial and commercial security, the reliability and credibility of data messaging systems, or potential harm to the public, and that have a high level of potential impact based on the criteria for assessing the impact of digital platform service operations. Key Obligations Registration. The draft notification requires the marketplace operators mentioned above to be registered as legal entities in Thailand. Terms and conditions. The draft notification details additional obligations relating to marketplace operators’ terms and conditions: In addition to existing obligations prescribed in the Royal Decree and the relevant subordinate laws, the draft notification emphasizes that the terms and conditions must be in Thai, clear, accessible, and understandable, and may include graphical elements to aid explanation. The terms and conditions must prescribe conditions relating to the sale of products subject to specific standards, such as those restricted under the Food Act, the Drugs Act, and the Industrial Product Standards Act. Such conditions include requiring business users

The Vietnamese government has demonstrated a strong commitment to building a digital government, digital economy, and digital society through its recently issued national strategy on digital infrastructure. Under Decision No. 1132/QD-TTg dated October 19, 2024, on “Digital Infrastructure Strategy to 2025 with Orientation to 2030,” the government will create supportive conditions for both domestic and international businesses to invest in digital infrastructure with cybersecurity as a priority. Recognized as vital to the economy, this digital infrastructure will consist of four main components: (i) telecommunications and internet infrastructure, (ii) data infrastructure, (iii) physical-digital infrastructure, and (iv) digital utility infrastructure, including digital technology as a service. Key goals for 2025 include universal fiber optic access for households, 100% 5G coverage across all provinces and cities, deployment of at least two new international undersea fiber optic cables, establishment of AI data centers, development of green-standard data centers, and platforms for IoT, AI, big data, blockchain, and cybersecurity. By 2030, goals include fiber access with speeds of at least 1 Gbps, 5G coverage for 99% of the population, readiness for 6G trials, six additional international undersea fiber optic cables, development of a hyperscale data center, and positioning Vietnam as a digital hub. To achieve these goals, the government has outlined some core tasks, creating significant opportunities for both foreign and domestic investors: Developing telecommunications and internet infrastructure for widespread fiber optic and 5G access, while preparing for emerging technologies like 6G, Open RAN, satellite, and IpV6. Telecommunication enterprises will jointly invest in and share the use of international fiber optic cable routes to ensure efficient capacity utilization and optimize investment capital. Attracting foreign and domestic investment to establish hyperscale data centers and cloud computing services that meet global standards. Creating physical-digital infrastructure by integrating technology across key sectors such as transportation, energy, healthcare, education, agriculture, construction, logistics, and

On October 31, 2024, Thailand’s Office of the Personal Data Protection Committee (PDPC) opened a public consultation period on its draft notifications—one directed at data controllers and another at data processors—regarding exemptions from the requirement to create and maintain records of processing activities (ROPAs) under the Personal Data Protection Act B.E. 2562 (2019) (PDPA). The draft notification for data controllers aims to amend and revoke certain aspects of the first ROPA exemption notification issued in June 2022 and outlines the criteria for data controllers to be exempted from the obligation to prepare and maintain such records. Although it is officially titled “Notification of the Personal Data Protection Committee on Exemption from Record-Keeping Requirements for Small Business Data Controllers,” this draft notification applies to all types of exempted data controllers (see list below), and not only small businesses. The draft notification for data processors is new and does not replace any prior notification. The criteria under both draft notifications exempt certain data controllers and data processors from the obligation to maintain ROPAs, but exempted data controllers are not free from the obligation to retain information on the rejection of data subjects’ requests to exercise certain rights under the PDPA. While these criteria remain consistent with the June 2022 ROPA exemption notification, there are a few key takeaways from the notifications, as detailed below. Types of Exempted Parties The draft notification on data controllers adds condominium and housing estate juristic persons, as well as individuals, to the list of parties eligible for an exemption, while removing internet cafes from the list. The new draft notification for data processors mirrors the corresponding list in the draft notification for data controllers. The complete list of parties eligible for ROPA exemptions under the draft notifications is as follows: SMEs according to the law on SME promotion, defined as follows: Community or social