You are using an outdated browser and your browsing experience will not be optimal. Please update to the latest version of Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox. Install Microsoft Edge

January 6, 2026

Thailand Preparing Human Rights and Environmental Due Diligence Bill

Subscribe to Updates

Thailand is developing new legislation on responsible business conduct that would impose statutory obligations on large enterprises to manage human rights and environmental risks throughout their operations and supply chains. The Draft Act on the Promotion of Responsible Business Conduct, commonly referred to as the Human Rights and Environmental Due Diligence (HRDD) Bill, has been developed through extensive consultation involving a wide range of stakeholders, with the Ministry of Justice playing a leading role.

If enacted, the HRDD bill would reshape how certain large businesses operate and manage their supply chains, reflecting a recognition of international standards and global concerns regarding human rights and environmental protection. By introducing legally binding due diligence obligations, the draft aims to ensure that businesses operating in Thailand are held accountable for adverse impacts throughout their operations and supply chains, in line with emerging global legal frameworks.

Who Will Have to Comply?

The HRDD bill primarily targets large enterprises based on their annual revenue thresholds:

  • Manufacturing businesses with annual revenue exceeding THB 500 million
  • Wholesale, retail, or service businesses with annual revenue exceeding THB 300 million

The draft would also cover state-owned enterprises and foreign businesses operating in Thailand if their operations meet the applicable revenue thresholds.

What Does Human Rights and Environmental Due Diligence Involve?

Under the HRDD bill, due diligence is not a one-time checklist but an ongoing process with several key requirements:

  • Adopt and publicly disclose a sustainability policy. Businesses must commit publicly to respecting human rights and protecting the environment, and must integrate this policy into corporate governance and risk management systems.
  • Identify and assess risks. Companies must identify and assess risks of human rights violations and environmental harm across their operations and value chains.
  • Prevent or reduce risks. Businesses must implement effective and proportionate measures to prevent or mitigate identified risks, rather than simply cutting ties with suppliers as a first resort.
  • Consult meaningfully with stakeholders. Companies must engage with those most likely to be affected, such as workers, communities, or vulnerable groups.
  • Provide remediation. Where harm has already occurred, businesses must provide appropriate compensation, restoration, or other remedies.
  • Monitor, report, and disclose. Companies must track how due diligence is carried out and whether the measures taken are working, and make this information available.

These steps are closely aligned with international best practices and are designed to push companies toward proactive, rather than reactive, risk management.

How Can Liabilities Impact a Business?

Sanctions for noncompliance include administrative fines ranging from THB 1 million to THB 5 million. These administrative penalties do not limit or replace civil or criminal liability under other laws. Noncompliance can also lead to reputational damage and disruptions across business supply chains.

The Way Forward

The HRDD bill is still under development and will require time to complete the necessary legislative processes. The draft could be subject to revisions and further deliberation. Nonetheless, the HRDD bill provides a clear signal that Thailand is moving toward a future where responsible business conduct is not optional.

While the transition may be challenging, it also offers Thai businesses an opportunity to strengthen trust, resilience, and long-term sustainability. Businesses should be aware of the upcoming requirements and take proactive steps to prepare, ensuring that human rights and environmental responsibility are fully integrated into their operations.

Strong due diligence systems can help companies avoid reputational damage and supply chain disruptions. They may also improve access to international markets, particularly the EU, where similar rules are rapidly becoming the norm. Investors and consumers increasingly expect credible ESG practices, and early compliance could become a competitive advantage.

Related Professionals

Practices

Corporate/M&A

Location

RELATED INSIGHTS​ 

February 19, 2025
On January 3, 2025, the Bank of the Lao PDR (BOL) issued Decision No. 11/BOL on the Use of Foreign Currency in Lao PDR, taking effect on the same date. This decision sets out the rules for using foreign currency in Laos and ensures the Lao kip (LAK) remains the primary currency while allowing flexibility for international transactions. Key points in the decision are outlined below. Permissible Activities for Foreign Currency The decision provides that authorized entities can use foreign currency as a secondary currency to LAK in the setting of cost and pricing structures, announcing and advertising prices, and making or receiving payments for goods and services that are imported or have manufacturing inputs imported from other countries. Otherwise, LAK is the only permitted currency. The decision also stipulates that foreign exchange must be conducted only via authorized commercial banks or foreign exchange markets. The exchange rate for setting costs, pricing structures, announcing and advertising prices, and making and receiving payments for goods and services in foreign currency must match the exchange rate announced by commercial banks from time to time. Businesses Allowed to Use Foreign Currency The decision allows certain businesses and organizations to use foreign currency. These entities are divided into two groups: those that need approval before using foreign currency, and those that can use it immediately. Enterprises that can use foreign currency with BOL approval include: Businesses that export goods or services and entities that lease or obtain concessions from the government, generating revenue in foreign currency through commercial banks. Enterprises that provide international freight and passenger transportation services. Enterprises that provide services related to cross-border logistics and warehousing. Enterprises located at international borders and airports, such as duty-free shops and restaurants. Enterprises that have obligations to make payments in foreign currency to other
Read More
February 11, 2025
On January 24, 2025, the prime minister of Vietnam issued Decision No. 232/QD-TTg, approving the proposal for establishment and development of a carbon market in Vietnam. The decision establishes a compliance mechanism for greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters and creates opportunities for investors interested in carbon trading in Vietnam. Market Development Roadmap Decision 232 establishes a phased approach to developing Vietnam’s carbon market, with the following ambitious milestones: Before June 2025 (preparation period): The legal framework for trading of emissions quotas and carbon credits and a carbon-credit offset exchange mechanism will be developed, along with the necessary infrastructure for organization and operation of the carbon-credit market. From June 2025 to the end of December 2028 (pilot period): A pilot domestic carbon exchange will be launched, with continued legal refinements. From 2029 (official launch period): The carbon market will be fully operational. Carbon Market Structure and Trading Mechanisms Vietnam’s carbon market will function as a centralized, government-regulated exchange, trading two main assets: GHG emissions quotas (allowances) allocated to regulated emitters, which can be traded or auctioned; and Carbon credits generated from domestic and international projects that are certified for trading. The carbon credits generated from international projects include those originating from international exchange or offset-crediting mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the Joint Credit Mechanism (JCM), and Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. The National Registration System for GHG emissions quotas and carbon credits will be primarily developed and operated by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. Transactions of GHG emissions quotas and carbon credits will occur on the domestic carbon exchange, managed by the Hanoi Stock Exchange, and will follow a centralized process where verified quotas and credits receive unique domestic codes for trading and participants must have depository accounts. The Vietnam Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation
Read More
February 7, 2025
Vietnam’s political system is currently undergoing a significant reorganization to streamline government operations and improve efficiency. In this regard, Plan 141/KH-BCDTKNQ18, issued on December 6, 2024, provided guidelines on the restructuring of existing ministries, ministerial-level agencies, and government-affiliated agencies. Accordingly, the number of ministries is being reduced from 18 to 14 through mergers and consolidations and the establishment of a new Ministry of Ethnic and Religious Affairs. The number of ministerial-level agencies is being reduced to three, and government-affiliated agencies to five. Similar streamlining is happening at provincial levels. The newly consolidated state agencies will assume all functions, rights, and responsibilities of the merged entities, and will continue handling all ongoing matters previously handled by the former agencies. Some examples of these changes include the following: The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) will oversee telecommunications, IT applications, cybersecurity, e-transactions, and national digital transformation, which had previously been managed by the Ministry of Information and Communications (MIC). MOST will also be responsible for issuing licenses related to these areas, such as licenses for G1 online game services and telecommunication services. The Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism will assume the responsibility of press management, previously under the MIC. The Ministry of Finance will assume state management functions related to investment, previously handled by the Ministry of Planning and Investment. Provincial Departments of Finance will issue Investment Registration Certificates and Enterprise Registration Certificates, a responsibility previously held by the Departments of Planning and Investment. The Ministry of Home Affairs will oversee labor and employment matters. Provincial Departments of Home Affairs will be authorized to issue work permits and will be the designated authorities for companies to register their internal labor regulations. Advantages for Businesses The restructuring aims to simplify regulations and expedite licensing processes. By reducing the number of agencies
Read More
January 16, 2025
On January 13, 2025, Thailand’s cabinet approved in principle the draft Entertainment Complex Act, as proposed by the Ministry of Finance. This landmark legislative proposal, which would allow casinos as part of larger “entertainment complexes,” will now proceed through further parliamentary review and approval. Key provisions of the draft act are described below. Corporate structure: Entertainment complexes must be operated by Thai-registered limited companies or public limited companies with a minimum paid-up capital of THB 10 billion. Directors of the licensed entity must be individuals and have the qualifications and none of the prohibited characteristics specified in the draft act. The draft act does not impose restrictions on foreign-majority ownership structures; however, it is worth monitoring whether any amendments addressing this matter are introduced during the legislative process. Operating conditions: Each entertainment complex must be located in an area designated under a royal decree. It must also include at least four types of entertainment businesses listed in the annex to the draft act (e.g., shopping mall, hotel, sports stadium, amusement park), along with a casino. The allocation of casino space must comply with regulations to be specified at a later date. Licensing conditions: Licenses will be valid for 30 years, renewable in increments of up to 10 years. The license issuance fee is THB 5 billion, the annual fee is THB 1 billion, and the renewal fee is THB 5 billion. The Entertainment Complex Policy Committee, chaired by the prime minister, will review and approve applications. Online gambling restrictions: Licensees are prohibited from offering gambling through internet-connected systems or electronic devices that allow access from outside the casino premises. Labor requirements: Thai and foreign employee ratios must adhere to prescribed regulations. Land privileges: Lease agreements for land use are limited to 50 years. Renewal is permitted for up to
Read More