You are using an outdated browser and your browsing experience will not be optimal. Please update to the latest version of Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox. Install Microsoft Edge

December 3, 2025

Thailand Civil Court Issues Rules on AI-Generated Court Filings

Subscribe to Updates

Thailand’s Civil Court has issued a regulation targeting the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the preparation of pleadings and other documents submitted to the court. Effective November 17, 2025, the regulation aligns with September 2025 guidance from the president of the Supreme Court, and aims to safeguard accuracy, transparency, and public confidence in civil adjudication.

The regulation applies to all parties submitting pleadings or any documents to the Civil Court that are prepared using AI tools or contain AI-generated content. It subjects AI used for these purposes to strict requirements on verification, disclosure, and accountability.

Core Obligations

The regulation imposes four principal obligations:

  • Lawyers who use AI remain subject to duties of honesty, responsibility to the court, professional standards, and legal ethics, including the duty to assess the appropriateness of the AI tool for the work.
  • Parties and lawyers must verify the accuracy and completeness of all facts, legal provisions, and citations in AI-generated content before submission.
  • Parties and lawyers must disclose to the court any AI-generated content by clearly marking the beginning and end of the AI-generated portion with prescribed statements (see below). Additionally, a certification confirming the use of AI must be provided at the end of the pleading or document, stating that AI was used for certain portions and that the party has reviewed and certifies the accuracy of factual and legal content.
  • Parties and lawyers bear the same full legal and ethical responsibility for AI-generated content as they do for personally authored documents; they cannot evade responsibility or avoid liability by citing AI-related errors. Likewise, parties must ensure that any AI-generated content is truthful, accurate, and unbiased.

Prescribed Disclosure Language

Each instance of AI-generated content must be preceded by the statement “[The following content was prepared using artificial intelligence]” and must end with “[End of content prepared using artificial intelligence].”

In addition, any filing that includes AI-generated content must include the following certification at the end of the document: “Certain portions of this [type of document] were prepared using artificial intelligence. I have reviewed and certify the accuracy of the facts and the law prior to submission to the court.”

Enforcement and Compliance Considerations

Noncompliance may be reported by a court officer or judge to superiors for further orders and may constitute disorderly conduct within court precincts under the Civil Procedure Code. In practical terms, counsel should anticipate potential adverse procedural measures, reputational consequences, and other court-ordered remedies for violations.

It is important for lawyers to implement AI-use protocols that align with the regulation’s requirements. This includes selecting AI tools solely as aids to human drafting, ensuring that every AI-generated output undergoes thorough human review for accuracy of facts, laws, and citations, inserting the exact disclosure statements around each AI-generated section, and adding the mandated end-of-document certification.

Lawyers must also apply litigation quality controls—such as primary-source verification, adversarial checks for hallucinations or bias, and chronological and citation audits—before filing. For mixed-origin documents, lawyers must maintain internal versions that identify which sections are AI-assisted to avoid disclosure gaps.

Finally, firms must update professional responsibility guidance and training to reinforce that lawyers remain wholly accountable for AI-assisted content.

Key Takeaways

The Civil Court’s regulation recognizes the legitimate role of AI in modern litigation while requiring human oversight, explicit transparency, and uncompromised professional responsibility. Legal practitioners and parties may continue leveraging AI’s efficiencies, provided they embed rigorous review processes and the mandated disclosures into the filing workflows.

The regulation is also the latest in a broader effort by the Thai courts to address the implications of AI use across the judiciary. Aside from the regulation, the president of the Supreme Court also issued guidance in September 2025 promoting ethical and cautious use of AI technologies in court operations.

Related Professionals

Industries

Technology

Practices

Dispute Resolution and Litigation

Location

RELATED INSIGHTS​ 

September 24, 2024
In recent years, Thailand has witnessed significant developments in its personal finance sector, particularly in alternative lending options. This article explores two key concepts in the Thai financial landscape: nano finance and personal loans. These alternative lending models, regulated by the Bank of Thailand (BOT), aim to provide more accessible financial services to individuals and small entrepreneurs who might have limited access to traditional funding sources. Nano Finance: Empowering Small Entrepreneurs The nano finance scheme under the BOT’s supervision is designed to provide funding to small entrepreneurs who might have limited access to traditional financial resources. One of the key features of this scheme is the ability of licensed nano finance providers to use alternative data in assessing loan applicants’ ability to repay (information-based lending). To implement this approach, nano finance providers must have an internal policy on credit approval that supports: Identifying scope and processes for utilizing alternative factors or technologies in determining debt repayment capacity, credit line limits for each loan applicant and total credit limits, and acceptable debt repayment targets; Having resources and personnel with sufficient knowledge, capability, experience, and expertise to operate efficiently and effectively, as well as clear checks and balances; Establishing guidelines for selecting and analyzing factors or financial models to evaluate or predict loan applicants’ ability and willingness to repay; Having an internal sandbox to test key success factors of the selected factors or models; and Having a process for monitoring and reviewing the application of the selected factors or models in assessing debt repayment capability. This approach allows nano finance providers to make more informed lending decisions based on a broader range of data, potentially increasing access to finance for small entrepreneurs who may not have traditional credit histories or collateral. Personal Loans The personal loan scheme under BOT supervision aims
Read More
September 20, 2024
On September 12, 2024, the Bank of Thailand (BOT) Notification Re: Virtual Bank Supervision Criteria took effect. According to this notification, virtual banks must adhere to standards for traditional commercial banks, along with additional requirements tailored to address virtual banks’ digital nature and corporate structure. Specific Requirements The concepts of supervision remain unchanged from the consultation paper titled “Criteria for Supervising Virtual Banks”. Some of the key additional provisions and details on supervision criteria relate to the following: Financial business groups: The notification identifies virtual banks as financial businesses, subject to the BOT’s regulations on financial business group supervision. If a virtual bank is a part of another financial institution’s financial business group, the virtual bank must be under a solo consolidated group. After the “initial phase” (see below), other financial institutions and companies within the financial business group are prohibited from extending credit to or engaging in transactions similar to lending activities with the virtual bank. Capital fund requirements: If other financial institutions’ investment in a virtual bank increases the capital fund in the financial system beyond a safe level and this poses a risk to other financial institutions, the BOT may order the relevant financial institution to maintain capital funds as the BOT deems appropriate. Service channels and outsourcing: Virtual banks must provide services solely through digital channels, except when necessary. For example, with the BOT’s approval, a virtual bank may use other commercial bank electronic branches via an ATM pool system, use a banking agent to serve customer needs for cash, or occasionally provide on-site services. Initial Phase The “initial phase” runs from the date that the virtual bank commences its operations until it receives the BOT’s approval to become fully operational. During this period, certain BOT supervisory requirements are relaxed as follows: Governance: Virtual banks in the initial phase may request
Read More
August 29, 2024
Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has revised its regulations on digital asset operators and exchanges to impose stricter governance standards on digital asset business operators and to align digital asset exchange rules with international standards. The new regulations are laid out in SEC Notification No. GorThor. 23/2567 on the Criteria, Conditions, and Procedures for Operating a Digital Asset Business (No. 24) and SEC Notification No. GorLorThor. 24/2567 on Determination of Prohibited Qualifications for Directors and Executives of Digital Asset Business Operators (No. 5). These were published in the Government Gazette on August 16, 2024, with most of the provisions taking effect on the same date. Governance for Digital Asset Businesses The heightened standards for digital asset business operators aim to ensure efficient business supervision and appropriate response to operational risks. The new requirements mainly address: Board of directors composition. Large-sized digital asset business operators (i.e., those with at least 10,000 customers and holding customer assets of at least THB 500 million) who do not provide digital asset custodian services must have at least five directors, at least two of whom must be independent directors. In addition, the business operators must establish an audit committee, with at least two members being independent directors, to create an appropriate “check and balance” mechanism within the organizational structure. Current digital asset business operators must comply with the requirements within 180 days of the notification’s effective date. Qualifications of authorized directors and managers. Authorized directors and managers are now required to (1) either have at least one year of working experience in the digital asset field or have participated in a digital asset course from an SEC-approved list, and (2) participate in a good corporate governance course recognized by the SEC. Current authorized directors and managers who have not previously completed a good
Read More
August 26, 2024
On August 13, 2024, Thailand’s Personal Data Protection Committee (PDPC) published a notification on the Criteria for Personal Data Deletion, Destruction, and De-identification in the Government Gazette, taking effect on November 11, 2024. Most of the content remains unchanged from the June 2024 draft of the legislation that was released for public comment. Only minor amendments have been made, as outlined below: Data controllers must respond to data subjects’ requests to delete, destroy, or de-identify personal data, including any copies or backups, without delay and within 90 days of receiving the request. This timeframe has been extended from the previous draft, which allowed only 60 days. In deleting, destroying, or de-identifying personal data, the data controller must ensure that no one is able to recover or reverse personal data to enable the direct or indirect identification of the data subject by any means that could reasonably be expected. If the data controller cannot fulfill the request within the 90-day period, it must take measures to ensure that the personal data is made difficult to collect, use, or disclose until the personal data can be deleted, destroyed, or de-identified according to the notification. In such cases, appropriate organizational, technical, and physical measures must be implemented to protect the data, meeting the criteria set forth by the notification. One newly added provision allows data controllers to delete, destroy, or de-identify a data subject’s personal data using a different method than the one requested by the data subject, provided they inform the data subject of the alternative method. However, this is not allowed when the data subject exercises this right on the grounds that the personal data has been unlawfully collected, used or processed, and there are no grounds to reject the request. In relation to the de-identification or anonymization of personal
Read More