Tilleke & Gibbins has contributed the Thailand chapter to International Trade 2026, published by Chambers and Partners. International Trade 2026 provides an overview of international trade laws and regulations across major jurisdictions. The guide is designed as a practical reference for businesses, in-house counsel, and legal practitioners dealing with cross-border trade, customs, and regulatory compliance. The Thailand chapter examines key aspects of Thailand’s international trade framework, including: WTO membership, plurilateral arrangements, and free trade agreements Customs authorities, enforcement agencies, and customs regulations Trade sanctions regimes and compliance obligations Export controls, restricted persons, and licensing requirements Antidumping, countervailing duties, and safeguard measures Investment security mechanisms and regulatory oversight Subsidy and incentive programs for domestic production Standards, technical requirements, and sanitary and phytosanitary measures Geographical protections and other trade-related regulatory measures The chapter also highlights recent developments and pending regulatory changes affecting trade and investment in Thailand. Chambers’ International Trade 2026 guide brings together contributions from leading law firms worldwide, offering up-to-date, jurisdiction-specific insight into the evolving global trade environment. Tilleke & Gibbins also contributed the Vietnam chapter to International Trade 2026. The full International Trade 2026 guide is available for free on the Chambers and Partners website.

Tilleke & Gibbins has authored the Vietnam chapter in International Trade 2026, published by Chambers and Partners. The guide offers comprehensive coverage of international trade regulation in leading jurisdictions and serves as a practical resource for organizations engaged in global trade and investment. The Vietnam chapter addresses a wide range of trade-related issues, including: WTO participation and regional and bilateral trade agreements Customs administration, enforcement, and applicable legal instruments Sanctions regimes and enforcement authorities Export controls, sensitive exports, and licensing requirements Antidumping and countervailing duty investigations and reviews Investment security mechanisms and notification requirements Subsidies, incentives, and measures affecting domestic production Standards, technical requirements, and sanitary and phytosanitary measures Geographical indications and other regulatory measures affecting trade In addition to outlining the current regulatory landscape, the chapter discusses recent developments and anticipated changes relevant to businesses trading with or operating in Vietnam. Chambers’ International Trade 2026 guide brings together contributions from leading law firms worldwide, offering up-to-date, jurisdiction-specific insight into the evolving global trade environment. Tilleke & Gibbins also contributed the Thailand chapter to International Trade 2026. The full International Trade 2026 guide is available for free on the Chambers and Partners website.

Vietnam’s National Assembly approved wide-ranging amendments to the Intellectual Property (IP) Law on December 10, 2025, marking one of the most significant overhauls of the country’s IP regime in recent years. The changes, which supplement and refine existing provisions, are designed to align Vietnam’s framework more closely with international standards while addressing practical challenges faced by rights holders and practitioners. The amendments will come into force on April 1, 2026. The most notable changes are detailed below. Recognition of partial and nonphysical industrial designs: Industrial design protection has been broadened to cover partial designs and nonphysical forms (class 32), explicitly extending rights to parts of products that are not independently circulated as well as digital and intangible product appearances. The law clarifies that the external appearances of nonphysical products are protected industrial designs, and circulation of digital copies of any part of that appearance will be treated as an act of using the industrial design. The provision on the industrial applicability of industrial designs has also been amended accordingly to include the uniform reproduction of nonphysical products in cyberspace. Resolving conflicts between overlapping rights: The IP Law provides a safeguard against conflicts when a single subject matter is protected by multiple IP rights. Where overlapping rights exist, the later-arising right will be terminated if its exercise interferes with the normal exploitation of an earlier right. The decision to terminate such a later right rests with the court. Use of published data for AI training: Organizations and individuals may use lawfully published and publicly accessible documents and data for scientific research, testing, and AI system training. Such use must not unreasonably prejudice the rights or legitimate interests of authors or IP rights holders. Where the documents and data fall under copyright or related rights protection, their use must also comply with government-issued regulations. IP as a

Tilleke & Gibbins has contributed the Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam chapters to Infrastructure and Construction in Southeast Asia, a comparative guide developed by Drew Network Asia (DNA). The publication brings together insights from leading ASEAN law firms to address common legal and practical issues faced by participants in the construction and engineering sector across the region. Covering nine major Southeast Asian jurisdictions, the guide provides concise answers to frequently encountered questions relating to infrastructure and construction projects. Topics addressed include the regulatory environment, procurement practices, project structuring, risk allocation, contracting terms, dispute resolution mechanisms, and the enforcement of arbitral awards. Each jurisdictional chapter follows a consistent question-and-answer format, enabling readers to compare legal approaches and market practices across countries. This structure highlights both areas of convergence and key differences between jurisdictions, supporting more informed decision-making in cross-border projects and investments. While the guide offers a practical regional overview, it also underscores that legal frameworks and market practices vary significantly between jurisdictions and may be shaped by local principles and industry norms. Readers seeking jurisdiction-specific advice are encouraged to contact the practitioners listed at the end of each chapter. The full guide is available for download through the button below or directly from the DNA website.

On December 10, 2025, the National Assembly of Vietnam officially passed the amended Law on Construction, marking the culmination of a multiyear reform process aimed at modernizing Vietnam’s construction legal framework, streamlining administrative procedures, and aligning with digital transformation and sustainability goals. The amended law, which replaces the current Law on Construction No. 50/2014/QH13, will take effect on July 1, 2026. The Ministry of Construction (MOC) is also preparing several guiding decrees covering project classification, digital submissions and database management, and technical standards for design documentation. Key Changes in the Amended Law While the executed version of the amended Law on Construction has yet to be released to the public, reports have confirmed that it includes the following key changes introduced under the latest draft submitted by the MOC in September: Project classification: The amended Law on Construction classifies construction projects by investment form (public, PPP, business investment, and others), which aligns with the Law on Public Investment, the Law on Investment, and the Law on PPP Investment. This reduces regulatory overlap and clarifies responsibilities. Project preparation and appraisal: The requirement for prefeasibility reports for business investment projects is abolished, as this requirement is now governed by the Law on Investment and the Law on Public Investment. This change shortens the preparation timeline and reduces duplication of procedures. In addition, the authority’s appraisal is streamlined to a single feasibility stage. Also eliminated is the appraisal process conducted following basic design approval, shifting more responsibility to investors and consultants, with targeted post-audit mechanisms for high-risk projects. Construction permits: One of the most significant new changes of the amended Law on Construction is the expansion of exemptions from construction permit requirements to the following eight distinct groups of construction works: State-secret works, emergency or urgent constructions, works under special public investment projects or projects following special procedures, temporary

Thailand is taking steps to energize its startup scene by drafting the Startup Promotion Law. This draft law aims to remove obstacles, open new funding opportunities, and provide coordinated government support. The goal is to make it easier for Thailand-based startups to grow and compete on a global stage. Why Is This Law Needed? For many years, Thai startups have operated under traditional company law frameworks that were not designed with high-growth businesses or with fundraising opportunities in mind. Restrictions on issuing bonds, offering shares to outside investors, and repurchasing shares for employee incentive programs made it challenging for emerging companies to access capital and accelerate their growth. The draft Startup Promotion Act seeks to remove these obstacles and foster a more competitive, entrepreneur-friendly environment in Thailand. Who’s in Charge? Two main organizations will oversee the startup ecosystem: Startup Promotion Committee: This group, to be appointed by the National Science, Research, and Innovation Policy Council, will set national strategies, policies, and budget; design promotional campaign and incentives; and propose further legislative amendments to promote startups. National Innovation Agency (NIA): Under the draft act, the NIA will be the main contact for startups and will serve as the secretariat office of the Startup Promotion Committee, coordinating data, advising startups, maintaining the public registry, and providing funding and investment (grants, repayable grants, loans, and equity) under committee criteria and, where applicable, cabinet approval. What Startups Are Eligible for Benefits? To be officially recognized and access benefits, a company must: Be a private limited company less than 10 years old at the time of application. Existing companies that already exceed the 10-year threshold may still apply for startup statues within one year of the law’s enactment, as long as they otherwise still qualify for the new regime. Have average annual revenue not exceeding THB 300 million over the past three years (with

Similar to other types of corporate disputes, tax-related conflicts often begin with an earnest attempt to resolve matters outside the courtroom. The prospect of engaging in tax litigation can be daunting, given the potential strain on commercial relationships, the legal expenses, and the uncertainty surrounding its resolution. However, there are instances when tax litigation becomes the sole avenue for seeking redress. For individuals and entities contemplating the pursuit of tax-related legal remedies, the Thai legal system offers an accessible, impartial, and equitable platform for dispute resolution. Tilleke & Gibbins’ latest update to Tax Litigation in Thailand provides an outline for navigating tax-related disputes within the Thai legal framework. It aims to equip readers with a fundamental understanding of procedures and practices within the Thai tax litigation landscape. The full guide is available through the button below.

Cross-border disputes often end with a judgment or arbitral award issued outside Thailand. When a party has assets or operations in Thailand, the key question becomes simple: will a Thai court enforce it? Thai law treats foreign court judgments and foreign arbitral awards very differently. Foreign court judgments cannot be recognized or enforced directly and must effectively be re-litigated. Foreign arbitral awards, however, benefit from a clear recognition and enforcement process under the New York Convention and Thailand’s Arbitration Act. Thailand’s Overall Approach Thailand does not have a general law or treaty that allows automatic enforcement of foreign court judgments. To rely on a foreign judgment, a party must initiate a new lawsuit in a Thai court, plead the claim under Thai law, and prove the case again. The foreign judgment can be used as evidence, but it is not binding, and the Thai court retains full discretion to reassess both the facts and the law. Foreign arbitral awards are treated more favorably. Thailand is a longstanding member of the New York Convention and has implemented it through the Arbitration Act. The act provides a straightforward process for asking a Thai court to recognize and enforce a qualifying award, without retrying the dispute, and subject only to limited refusal grounds. Foreign Court Judgments: Persuasive but Not Binding Although Thai courts do not recognize or enforce foreign court judgments, they may rely on them as persuasive evidence under certain conditions. Courts generally give more weight to judgments that are final on the merits, issued by a court with proper jurisdiction, and reached after proper notice and an opportunity for the defendant to be heard. Default judgments or rulings based primarily on procedural grounds carry less weight, and the ultimate relevance and weight are left to the court’s discretion. In practical terms, winning abroad does not eliminate