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We provide you with all of the latest legal developments in Southeast Asia, ensuring that you have the up-to-date knowledge you need to navigate the ever-changing legal landscape affecting your business. You can browse our entire library of publications below, and email [email protected] to sign up for updates that are relevant to your interests, delivered straight to your mailbox, as they emerge.

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August 15, 2025
More than a decade after the issuance of Decree No. 52/2013/ND-CP (as amended by Decree No. 85/2021/ND-CP; collectively, “Decree 52”), Vietnam’s legal framework for e-commerce is under growing pressure to keep pace with the evolving digital economy. While Decree 52 has provided a foundational framework, it has shown certain limitations in keeping up with issues such as counterfeit goods, intellectual property enforcement, unqualified products, and emerging models like livestream selling and affiliate marketing. To address these regulatory gaps, the Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) has released the 2025 Draft E-Commerce Law (“Draft Law”) for public consultation. The Draft Law is intended to supersede the current framework under Decree 52 and establish a more detailed and comprehensive legal foundation for the regulations of e-commerce activities in Vietnam. It is currently expected to be submitted to the National Assembly for review and potential adoption during its 10th session in October 2025. In this article, we discuss the Draft Law’s most significant updates and legal developments in comparison to existing regulations, and assess the practical challenges that businesses may face in preparing for implementation in the near future. Platform Classification: Toward a More Nuanced Framework Unlike Decree 52’s simpler structure, which broadly categorized platforms into either (i) websites selling goods and services or (ii) websites providing e-commerce services, the Draft Law introduces a more detailed framework that aims to classify platforms based on their technical functions and business models. Specifically, the Draft Law introduces a four-tier classification system for e-commerce platforms, consisting of: (i) Direct Business Platforms, (ii) Intermediary Platforms, (iii) Social Networks with E-Commerce Functions, and (iv) Multi-Service Integrated Platforms. This approach reflects an effort to more accurately capture the complexity of today’s e-commerce landscape, including hybrid platforms such as TikTok Shop. While this approach reflects the growing complexity of the digital/e-commerce landscape, it currently
August 15, 2025
Indonesia’s Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DGIP) has introduced a temporary feature in its online filing system to accommodate the submission of annual patent working statements. The requirement to submit these annual working statements was introduced under the amended Patent Law enacted on October 28, 2024, but the implementing regulation has still not been issued. Annual Working Statements Article 20A of the amended Patent Law requires all patentees to submit an annual statement regarding the implementation of their patents in Indonesia. This obligation applies to all active patents, regardless of when they were granted. The annual working statement declares the status of implementation of the patented invention within Indonesia. Acceptable forms of implementation include: Manufacturing the patented product (whether commercialized or not) Utilizing the patented process (whether commercialized or not) Importation Licensing If the patent has not yet been implemented in Indonesia, the DGIP provides an option to indicate: “The mentioned registered patent has not been implemented in Indonesia.” The statement must be made using the official template provided by the DGIP through the online filing system. Submission The working statement must be submitted annually no later than December 31 of each calendar year. No supporting documents are needed for the submission apart from the signed form itself. A color scanned copy will suffice; the original document is not required. There is currently no official fee for submitting the working statement. While the submission process may eventually align with annuity fee payments, the current process remains separate due to the pending implementing regulation. The submission process may be subject to change upon issuance of the implementing regulation, which is under discussion and expected in the coming months. In the interim, the DGIP accepts submissions of overdue working statements, allowing patentees to fulfill their obligations retroactively. This flexibility is expected to remain in place until the implementing regulation is formally enacted. Legal Implications Noncompliance with
August 8, 2025
ベトナム政府は、2025年6月29日、改正薬事法(政令第163号)の施行に関する詳細な指針を示す政令第163/2025/ND-CPを公表した。政令第163号は、改正薬事法と同様に2025年7月1日に施行され、政令第54/2017/ND-CP号(政令第54号)に正式に代替された。新規な政令は、薬剤師開業証明書、医薬品事業資格証明書、医薬品および医薬品原料の輸出入、外国製造業者に対するGMP検査、医薬品および医薬品原料の回収、医薬品広告内容証明書、医薬品価格管理など、医薬品管理の主要分野にわたる包括的な規制を導入している。 政令163号の主な変更点 政令第163号におけるいくつかの重要な変更および追加を以下に示す。 特別管理薬物の破壊 麻薬、向精神薬、前駆薬物、および麻薬もしくは向精神薬である医薬品原料、もしくは薬物の前駆物質を廃棄する前に、管轄当局の承認を得る必要がなくなった。その代わり、廃棄予定日と廃棄対象品目の詳細なリストを含む、少なくとも7営業日前までに通知を行う必要がある。 医薬品業界における電子商取引 電子商取引プラットフォームを通じて医薬品事業者は、透明性と消費者の安全を確保するため、( i )医薬品事業適格性証明書、(ii)医薬品専門知識責任者の薬剤師実務証明書、(iii)医薬品情報などの情報を公開する必要がある。 輸入製品の賞味期限要件 総有効期限が9月以下の医薬品および原料については、通関時に有効期限の少なくとも3分の1が残っている必要がある。有効期限が30日以下の医薬品については、通関時に有効期限内である必要がある。 輸入製品の管理 輸入規制の対象となる医薬品には、(i)感染症予防および管理法(Law on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases)の規定に従って流行が宣言されたA群感染症の予防および治療のニーズを満たす医薬品、および( ii )有効期限が30日未満の医薬品を除き、販売承認(MA)のあるすべての医薬品が含まれる。 輸入者は、通関申請の少なくとも5営業日前までに省人民委員会に通知しなければならない。人民委員会は、通知受領後5営業日以内に、税関当局に対し書面による不遵守通知を発行することができる。 医薬品広告 政令163号は、従前の規制のように医薬品広告内容の最初の登録を再度行う代わりに、承認された医薬品広告証明書をいくつかの変更(MA保有者の変更や製造業者情報の変更など)に合わせて調整できる手順を補足している。 薬価管理 政令第54号の薬価申告手続と同様に、卸売価格を公表または再公表する必要がある。緊急対応、国家保健プログラム、人道援助、臨床試験、科学研究、展示目的で無料で提供される医薬品や、個人手荷物として持ち込まれる医薬品など、特定の医薬品はこの要件から免除される。 保健省は、公表または再公表された価格が、既に市場に出回っている同等の医薬品よりも大幅に高い場合、勧告を発行することができる。これには以下のケースが含まれる。 当該医薬品の公表または再公表された卸売価格が、類似医薬品の最高価格を超えている場合 入札の落札価格との価格差が35%(100万VND未満の医薬品の場合)または15%(100万VND以上の医薬品の場合)を超えている場合 公表または再公表された価格が、原産国または他の市場の価格よりも高い場合(ベトナムに類似の製品が存在しない場合) このような矛盾が特定された場合、保健省は発表機関に正式な勧告を発行し、透明性と説明責任を確保するためにそれをオンラインで公開します。 新しい通達でさらなるガイダンスを提供 保健省は2025年7月1日、改正薬事法および政令163号(通達31号)の施行について詳細を規定した通達31/2025/TT-BYTを公表した。通達31号は、通達07/2018/TT-BYT号および政令第54号に正式に代替し、公表後直ちに施行された。 通達第31号の主な規定は次のとおりである。 薬剤師業務届出書 薬局チェーンに加盟していない医薬品事業者は、現在当該事業所で業務を行っている薬剤師開業許可証を保有する者のリストを所轄官庁に届け出なければならない。届出は、医薬品営業許可証の発行日またはリストに変更があった日から15日以内に提出する必要がある。これにより、従来の規則では30日とされていた期限が短縮される。 薬局チェーンにも同様の届出義務と期限が適用される。具体的には、薬局チェーン運営者は、チェーン内の各薬局の所在地を管轄する州当局に対し、当該薬局で勤務する薬剤師のリストを届け出なければならない。さらに、薬局チェーンは、チェーンに薬局を追加または除去する場合、また、チェーン内の薬局間で薬剤師の専門知識を担当する担当者の交代を行う場合にも、当局に届け出なければならない。 医薬品情報活動 通達第31号では、医薬品情報は、医薬品情報資料の配布、医薬品紹介セミナー、医療担当者を通じて医療従事者に提供してもよい。 しかしながら、通達第31号では、医薬品情報活動を行う前に医薬品情報内容証明書を取得する必要性が撤廃されるという大きな変更が導入された。新規則の下では、製薬企業、ベトナムにおける外国製薬会社の駐在事務所、および販売承認取得者は、保健省が承認した医薬品の添付文書、ベトナム国家医薬品集、および保健省が発行または承認した医薬品に関する文書および専門的指示に準拠した医薬品情報資料の作成および配布の責任を負うことになる。 結言 医薬品事業所、医薬品分野で活動する外国貿易業者の駐在員事務所、およびベトナムの医薬品登録者は、改正規定を適時に遵守できるよう、新しい規制を徹底的に検討することを提案する。   本記事についてのご質問などがある場合は、Ms. Mai Thi Leまでお問合せください。   備考:本和文は英文記事を翻訳したものです。原文については、以下のリンクをご参照ください。 Vietnam Issues New Guidance for Amended Law on Pharmacy
August 8, 2025
ベトナム保健省(MOH: Ministry of Health)は、2025年7月3日、化粧品に関する製品届出(化粧品届出)手続に関する現行規定を定める化粧品管理に関する通達第06/2011/TT-BYT(通達第34号)の一部条項を改正する通達第34/2025/TT-BYTを発行した。通達第34号は、2025年8月18日に施行される。 化粧品に関する通知の変更 通達第34号の主な規定の一部を以下に概説する。 通知の提出ルートの追加 通達第 34号 では、直接提出および郵送による提出に加えて、国家公共サービス ポータル経由のオンライン提出が、化粧品に関する通知の受理可能なタイプとして正式に追加された。 化粧品届出書作成に関する明確な規定 通達第34号は、化粧品に関する届出書の署名要件について明確に規定している。オンラインでの提出では、電子署名とデジタル署名の両方が認められる。オフラインでの提出では、スタンプによる署名や自動生成された署名は認められないことが明記されている。 一回の申請における製品のグループ化、成分表示、または届出書で使用する言語に関する既存の要件に実質的な変更はない。通達34号では、これらの規定の書式調整のみが導入されている。 更新された管理手順 通達34号では、新たな政令への言及を踏まえ、オンライン申請におけるデジタル手続と認証に関する要件が更新された。さらに、化粧品届出の処理期間がさらに明確化され、特に、不完全な書類へのフィードバックには5営業日、完全な補足書類の受領後、承認には5営業日が定められた。 試験研究用サンプルの輸入要件の改訂 通達34号では、改訂版の付録14-MP様式が導入され、受理機関がベトナム医薬品管理局から省人民委員会傘下の専門保健機関に変更された。申請はオンラインでも直接でも提出可能である。承認期限は、申請の審査日から3営業日である。 移行条項 通達34号の施行日(2025年8月18日)前に提出された通知については、施行日以降は現行の規則または新通達の規則のいずれか、提出者にとってより便利で手続が簡素化される方法に従って処理することができる。 見通し 通達34号は、ベトナムで化粧品を製造・販売する企業に影響を与える。これらの企業は、改正規定を適時に遵守できるよう、新しい規制を徹底的に検討することを提案する。 本記事に関するご質問などは、Ms.Hien Thi Thu Vu、Ms. Phuong Thi Minh Doanまでお問合せください。   備考:本和文は英文記事を翻訳したものです。原文については、以下のリンクをご参照ください。 Vietnam Updates Regulations on Cosmetic Notification
August 8, 2025
Thailand’s Office of Insurance Commission (OIC) has opened a public hearing period on its amendments of notifications concerning the timeframe for an insurance company to submit its annual financial statements and financial and operating reports (called “XML reports”). The amended notifications also require insurance companies to submit some data sets from the quarterly capital maintenance reports and XML reports to the OIC in advance, before the full reports are submitted. Key changes in these amended notifications are summarized below. Financial Statements Audited annual financial statements will need to be submitted to the OIC within two months from the last day of each calendar year (i.e., by the end of February of the following year), instead of within four months as currently required. Capital Maintenance Reports While the deadline for submitting quarterly capital maintenance reports is still 45 days from the last day of the quarter, the OIC will now require life and non-life insurance companies to submit a set of data from the report in advance, within 21 days from the last day of each quarter. This data set includes the following information from the capital maintenance report: Form 1 – Calculation of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) Form 2 – Calculation of Total Capital Available (TCA) Form 4 – Calculation of Capital for Insurance Risk (Table 4.1, 4.2, 4.4, and 4.5 for life insurance companies; Table 4.1 and 4.2 for non-life insurance companies) Financial and Operating Reports (XML Reports) Similar to the audited annual financial statement, the annual XML report will need to be submitted to the OIC within two months from the last day of each calendar year, instead of within the current four-month timeframe. For quarterly XML reports, which must still be submitted within 45 days from the last day of each quarter, there is a new requirement for life and non-life insurance companies to submit a set
August 8, 2025
In response to persistent challenges in food safety management and recent high-profile incidents involving counterfeit supplemented foods, infant formula, and health supplements, the Ministry of Health of Vietnam is initiating comprehensive regulatory reforms. These reforms include proposed amendments to the Law on Food Safety and its implementing Decree No. 15/2018/ND-CP (Decree 15), introducing significant changes to the registration procedures for food products, especially supplemented food products and health supplements. While awaiting public consultation and approval of the amended Law on Food Safety, the Ministry of Health is developing an interim mechanism, which includes a draft decree to replace Decree 15 and a draft resolution to address urgent issues until the amended law becomes effective, expected in July 2026. To align with the new Law on Quality of Products and Goods, the draft resolution stipulates that the declaration and registration of food products will follow the following procedures: Declaration of applied standards for food products, which is currently known as the “self-declaration” procedure, applies to processed packaged foods, food additives, food processing aids, containers or utensils that come into direct contact with food, packaging materials in direct contact with food, and micronutrients. Granting of circulation numbers, which is the current “registration of product declaration” procedure, applies to specific categories of food including health supplements, medical nutrition foods, special dietary foods, nutritional products for children up to 36 months, and, especially, supplemented foods, which are currently subject to self-declaration but will be shifted to this registration procedure. In addition, the following new procedure is introduced in the draft decree: Registration of declaration of conformity, which applies to the same product category as in “declaration of applied standards” above, but is for products that are already subject to technical regulations covering both safety indicators and quality indicators. Changes to the Food Product Declaration and Registration Procedures Details of the procedures
August 6, 2025
Thailand’s Digital Government Development Agency (DGA) has released drafts of two pivotal documents to guide Thai government agencies in adopting cloud technology and classifying data for cloud usage. These draft guidelines, open for public hearing through August 12, 2025, are part of the national “Go Cloud First” policy, which aims to accelerate digital transformation, improve efficiency, and ensure robust data security across the public sector. The new standards will have significant implications for both government agencies and cloud service providers operating in Thailand. Highlights of the draft guidelines are presented below. Government Cloud Usage Guidelines Cloud-first transformation: All government agencies are directed to prioritize cloud solutions for new IT projects, in line with the cabinet’s “Go Cloud First” policy. Cloud model selection: Agencies must assess their needs and select the most appropriate cloud deployment model—public, private, hybrid, or community cloud—based on the sensitivity of the data and operational requirements. Service types: The guidelines provide criteria for choosing between Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS), emphasizing the importance of using standard, non-customized services where possible. Cost management: Agencies are required to plan and separate cloud-related expenses, ensuring transparency and efficient budget allocation. Cloud migration: The guidelines outline the steps for migrating to the cloud and highlight the role of cloud service providers in facilitating the process, including supporting innovation and enabling smooth exit strategies. Procurement compliance: All cloud procurement must comply with public sector procurement laws and regulations. Only providers meeting government-mandated standards can be selected. Security and shared responsibility: The guidelines clarify the division of security responsibilities between cloud providers and government agencies. While providers manage infrastructure security, agencies remain responsible for data, application, and access controls. Legal framework: Agencies must comply with the Digital Government Administration Act, Cybersecurity Act, Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA), and other relevant laws. Cloud
August 1, 2025
Thailand’s Personal Data Protection Committee (PDPC) announced to the press on August 1, 2025, that it had issued eight new administrative fines under Thailand’s Personal Data Protection Act B.E. 2562 (2019) (PDPA) in five cases of noncompliance by public and private entities. The enforcement actions reflect a growing commitment by the PDPC to penalize noncompliance across all sectors, regardless of organizational type or size. The total amount imposed to date was approximately THB 21.5 million (approx. USD 654,690), underscoring the financial risks tied to PDPA violations. The five cases—one involving a state agency and the remainder in the private sector—are summarized below. Case 1: State Agency Providing Online Services to the Public The order in this case stemmed from a cyberattack on a state agency’s web app, resulting in personal data of 200,000 data subjects being leaked to and sold on the dark web. The software developer was also found to have implemented no privacy by design, lacked an access control system, had no data breach prevention measures, and failed to conduct risk assessments or review existing security measures. Key noncompliance identified: Lack of appropriate security measures Weak password protection No risk assessment or ongoing review of security measures No data processing agreement with software developer that acted as data processor The state agency and the developer were each fined THB 153,120 (approx. USD 4,670). Case 2: Private Hospital This case involved a hospital that engaged an individual contractor to destroy patient medical record documents. However, the contractor stored the documents at their own premises, failed to follow the required destruction protocols, and ultimately used the medical records to wrap sweets, resulting in the leak of over 1,000 records during the destruction process. The contractor also failed to notify the hospital of the data breach. Although there was a written agreement between the parties, hospital’s failure to properly monitor