With advancements in health technology, telemedicine has taken on a wider online presence in Thailand. Under the Medical Facility Act, licensed clinics and hospitals may now diagnose, prescribe, and issue electronic prescriptions during a video call, provided they maintain patient confidentiality and proper recordkeeping. As a complementary concept, a telepharmacy allows a pharmacist to verify prescriptions, counsel patients, and dispense medication from a remote site. Hospitals, clinic chains, and some retail pharmacy groups have adopted “drive-thru” or “locker” pick-up points where drugs are bagged only after a real-time video consultation with a registered pharmacist. The clear benefits of telehealth include shorter waiting times and broader access to specialists, which is in the public interest. Drug Distribution and Advertising in Thailand The online pharmacy ecosystem creates a legal bridge in that once a teleconsulting doctor issues an e-prescription, a licensed pharmacy can lawfully dispense and deliver the medicine prescribed to the patient’s door. Nonetheless, the critical compliance component remains the advertising of medicinal drugs. It is still not allowed to advertise prescription/pharmacy-dispensed drugs to the public in Thailand. Although Thailand’s Drug Act of 1967 was written more than half a century ago, it still governs the trading of every medicinal drug that makes its way to consumers in Thailand—whether bought at a pharmacy or delivered with a few taps on a smartphone. First and foremost, the pharmacy must hold a license to sell medicinal drugs as a retailer. It is also mandatory that arrangements be made for a pharmacist to be on duty during opening hours. Drugs are classified into three main categories: prescription drugs, pharmacy-dispensed drugs, and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. The listing of OTC drugs with their prices via an online platform is allowed, as only OTC drugs may be advertised directly to the public. However, naming or showing

Thailand’s National Space Policy Committee (NSPC) has proposed new regulations that would permit foreign satellite operators to provide services within the country. The draft announcement responds to rapid advancements in digital and space technologies that have led to new global satellite operators expanding their services worldwide, including into Thailand. These include low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite constellations offering high-speed internet, nonterrestrial network (NTN) technologies that integrate terrestrial and satellite communications, and direct-to-device (D2D) technologies that transmit signals directly from satellites to mobile devices without relying on terrestrial networks. The draft aims to replace the existing announcement, which was issued in 2021, to better align with current national policies on foreign satellite usage. The draft announcement was published for public consultation on August 20, 2025, with the comment period concluding on September 3, 2025. Applying for Authorization Two types of operators may apply for authorization: Thai operators who intend to use foreign satellites owned by World Trade Organization (WTO) member countries to provide satellite communication services to third parties; and Foreign operators of satellites owned by WTO member countries who intend to operate a business providing satellite communication services within Thailand. Applications for approval must be submitted to the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission (NBTC) according to the NBTC’s established procedures. In considering whether to permit foreign satellites to provide services within Thailand, the relevant authority will take into account technical justifications, economic benefits, social benefits, and national security considerations. Determining Satellite Ownership The determination of which country qualifies as the owner of a satellite is based primarily on the country that holds the satellite network filing rights registered with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The satellite network filing includes details regarding frequency usage, orbital positions, and technical specifications of the satellite operations. It serves as a regulatory tool used by the

To implement the recently issued Resolution on International Financial Centers in Vietnam (“IFC Resolution”), which is set to take effect on September 1, 2025 (see our previous article), the government of Vietnam is making every effort to formulate and issue guiding decrees—up to eight in total—before the effective date of the resolution. These decrees will establish key principles, define the rights and obligations of stakeholders, and outline permissible business activities within the IFCs, and serve as a foundation for the legal framework of the IFCs. Below are highlights of two draft decrees that have been released for public consultation. Draft Decree on IFC Establishment Ho Chi Minh City: The IFC in Ho Chi Minh City will focus on capital markets integrated with asset management services, fund management, insurance, financial products and financial derivatives; banking systems and money market products; fintech and financial innovation through sandbox mechanisms; specialized exchanges and new trading platforms; commodity markets, commodity and commodity derivatives exchanges linked to domestic and international physical commodity markets; and regional supply chain services, logistics hubs, maritime transport, and seaport infrastructure. Da Nang: The IFC in Da Nang will mainly develop green finance and commercial finance for SMEs and innovative enterprises, non-resident organizations and individuals (i.e., offshore financial services); cross-border trade activities linked to free trade zones, high-tech zones, new economic zones, and industrial zones; pilot control mechanisms for emerging models, such as digital assets, cryptocurrencies, and digital payments and transfers; new exchanges and trading platforms; investment funds, remittance funds, and small and medium fund management companies; startups in financial solutions for consumer services, tourism, e-commerce, logistics, and services within free trade zones; and related support, advisory, development, and legal services. Incentives: The People’s Committees of Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang will need to decide on their list of