More than a decade after the issuance of Decree No. 52/2013/ND-CP (as amended by Decree No. 85/2021/ND-CP; collectively, “Decree 52”), Vietnam’s legal framework for e-commerce is under growing pressure to keep pace with the evolving digital economy. While Decree 52 has provided a foundational framework, it has shown certain limitations in keeping up with issues such as counterfeit goods, intellectual property enforcement, unqualified products, and emerging models like livestream selling and affiliate marketing. To address these regulatory gaps, the Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) has released the 2025 Draft E-Commerce Law (“Draft Law”) for public consultation. The Draft Law is intended to supersede the current framework under Decree 52 and establish a more detailed and comprehensive legal foundation for the regulations of e-commerce activities in Vietnam. It is currently expected to be submitted to the National Assembly for review and potential adoption during its 10th session in October 2025. In this article, we discuss the Draft Law’s most significant updates and legal developments in comparison to existing regulations, and assess the practical challenges that businesses may face in preparing for implementation in the near future. Platform Classification: Toward a More Nuanced Framework Unlike Decree 52’s simpler structure, which broadly categorized platforms into either (i) websites selling goods and services or (ii) websites providing e-commerce services, the Draft Law introduces a more detailed framework that aims to classify platforms based on their technical functions and business models. Specifically, the Draft Law introduces a four-tier classification system for e-commerce platforms, consisting of: (i) Direct Business Platforms, (ii) Intermediary Platforms, (iii) Social Networks with E-Commerce Functions, and (iv) Multi-Service Integrated Platforms. This approach reflects an effort to more accurately capture the complexity of today’s e-commerce landscape, including hybrid platforms such as TikTok Shop. While this approach reflects the growing complexity of

Tilleke & Gibbins’ Bangkok-based aviation specialists have authored the Thailand chapter of Aviation Finance & Leasing 2025 from Chambers and Partners. This annual guide examines the key legal issues impacting aircraft lessors, lessees, and financiers in 37 jurisdictions worldwide. In addition to the Thailand chapter, Tilleke & Gibbins also contributed the Vietnam chapter to this year’s edition. The Thailand chapter offers a comprehensive overview of the country’s legal framework governing all aspects of aircraft sale and purchase, aircraft and engine leasing, and aircraft debt finance. Some topics covered include: sale and lease agreement terms taxation lease registration and enforcement lease assignment/novation insurance and reinsurance debt structuring securities liens The guide also examines other matters with practical implications for the aviation industry’s day-to-day operations. Chambers and Partners’ Global Practice Guides provide in-house counsel with authoritative commentary on practical legal issues affecting business, enabling readers to compare legislation and procedures across multiple jurisdictions. The Thailand chapter of Aviation Finance & Leasing 2025 is available as a PDF through the button below, courtesy of Chambers and Partners. The full guide can be accessed for free on the Chambers and Partners website.

Aviation law experts from Tilleke & Gibbins’ Vietnam offices have prepared the Vietnam chapter of Aviation Finance & Leasing 2025 from Chambers and Partners. Covering 37 jurisdictions worldwide, the guide addresses key legal considerations for aircraft lessors, lessees, and financiers. Alongside the Vietnam chapter, Tilleke & Gibbins also provided the Thailand chapter for this year’s edition. The Vietnam chapter delivers detailed insights into the legal environment affecting aircraft sale and purchase, aircraft and engine leasing, and aircraft debt finance. Some of the topics it examines include: sale and lease agreement terms taxation lease registration and enforcement lease assignment/novation insurance and reinsurance debt structuring securities liens The guide also covers other issues influencing the day-to-day activities of aviation industry participants in Vietnam. Chambers and Partners’ Global Practice Guides provide in-house counsel with authoritative analysis of practical legal matters impacting business, enabling readers to compare legislation and relevant procedures across leading jurisdictions. The Vietnam chapter of Aviation Finance & Leasing 2025 is available as a PDF through the button below, courtesy of Chambers and Partners. The full guide can be accessed for free on the Chambers and Partners website.

Thailand’s Office of Insurance Commission (OIC) has opened a public hearing period on its amendments of notifications concerning the timeframe for an insurance company to submit its annual financial statements and financial and operating reports (called “XML reports”). The amended notifications also require insurance companies to submit some data sets from the quarterly capital maintenance reports and XML reports to the OIC in advance, before the full reports are submitted. Key changes in these amended notifications are summarized below. Financial Statements Audited annual financial statements will need to be submitted to the OIC within two months from the last day of each calendar year (i.e., by the end of February of the following year), instead of within four months as currently required. Capital Maintenance Reports While the deadline for submitting quarterly capital maintenance reports is still 45 days from the last day of the quarter, the OIC will now require life and non-life insurance companies to submit a set of data from the report in advance, within 21 days from the last day of each quarter. This data set includes the following information from the capital maintenance report: Form 1 – Calculation of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) Form 2 – Calculation of Total Capital Available (TCA) Form 4 – Calculation of Capital for Insurance Risk (Table 4.1, 4.2, 4.4, and 4.5 for life insurance companies; Table 4.1 and 4.2 for non-life insurance companies) Financial and Operating Reports (XML Reports) Similar to the audited annual financial statement, the annual XML report will need to be submitted to the OIC within two months from the last day of each calendar year, instead of within the current four-month timeframe. For quarterly XML reports, which must still be submitted within 45 days from the last day of each quarter, there is a new