Vietnam is on the cusp of a major judicial reform with significant implications for intellectual property (IP) litigators. A draft law, expected to be passed in mid-2025, will restructure the court system into a three-tiered judicial hierarchy while retaining the current two-tiered trial structure. The reforms include the anticipated establishment of a specialized IP court and a reallocation of jurisdiction that may fundamentally change how and where IP disputes are resolved. From 63 to 34: Fewer Provinces, Fewer Courts – But Wider Reach Under the new model, the judiciary will be organized into three levels: (i) the Supreme People’s Court, with three newly established appellate courts in Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City, (ii) the 34 provincial-level People’s Courts (following a reduction from 63 provinces to 34 due to administrative consolidation), and (iii) a newly created tier of regional-level courts (tòa án khu vực) that will replace the existing district-level courts. Each regional court will encompass several district-level courts within a province. The number of regional courts in each province will be determined based on the number of districts following a planned reduction. While the number of provincial-level courts will decrease, the newly established regional-level courts will be granted expanded jurisdiction. Notably, these courts will have first-instance jurisdiction over a broad range of civil, commercial, and administrative matters. In criminal cases, they will handle offenses punishable by up to 20 years’ imprisonment, while more serious crimes will remain under the jurisdiction of provincial-level courts. For IP litigators, this likely means that first-instance cases, especially civil infringement disputes, will shift from the provincial level to the lower regional level. These regional courts will become the new battleground for IP enforcement. Same Two-Tier Adjudication, Different Game Board While the judicial structure is evolving, the core adjudicative framework remains unchanged:

Thailand’s Immigration Bureau has announced the launch of the Thailand Digital Arrival Card (TDAC) as part of ongoing efforts to improve entry procedures and streamline immigration processing. Effective May 1, 2025, all foreign nationals with any type of visa entering Thailand by any means will be required to complete the TDAC online prior to arrival. This requirement does not apply to individuals transiting or transferring through Thailand without passing through immigration control, or to those entering with a border pass. Foreign nationals planning to enter Thailand must complete and submit their TDAC within the three days prior to their arrival date. The form, which collects passport information, personal details, travel information (e.g., flight number), Thai accommodation information, and a health declaration—can be filled out in English online at https://tdac.immigration.go.th. Once the form is submitted, an acknowledgment will be sent to the email address entered on the form. This acknowledgment must be presented at the immigration checkpoint in Thailand along with travel documents for verification. The Thai government strongly encourages all foreign passport holders to complete the TDAC ahead of their departure to prevent any entry delays or issues at the checkpoint.

On March 31, 2025, Cambodia’s Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training (MLVT) issued Notification 009/25, which grants an extension for the renewal of foreign workers’ work permits and employment books in 2025. This extension is to ensure that those who have not yet applied for the renewal of their work permits are provided with sufficient time to complete the application process, as there have been delays in the submission of work permit extension requests. The new deadline for the submission of renewal applications for work permits and employment books is April 30, 2025. Applications and renewals must be processed via the MLVT’s online Foreign Workforce Centralized Management System before the specified deadline. Failure to extend the validity of work permits and employment books for foreign workers before the deadline may result in significant monetary penalties for both employers and foreign nationals. All foreign workers should renew their work permits and employment books within the extended deadline to ensure continued validity for working in Cambodia.

Thailand has proposed amendments to the Anti-Money Laundering Act B.E. 2542 (1999) as the country steps up its efforts to combat economic crimes and corruption. One of the primary objectives of the amendments is to enhance the effectiveness of measures curbing the use of nominees to help foreign nationals operate restricted or prohibited businesses in violation of the law. If these proposed updates are implemented, they will substantially strengthen existing legislation related to the use of nominees and bribing government officials, including officials of foreign governments and international organizations. These offenses would be treated as predicate violations under the amended legislation. The draft amendments are currently open for a public comment period, which is set to conclude on April 25, 2025. Highlights of the proposed amendments are detailed below. Predicate Offenses The draft amendments propose adding the concept of a “predicate offense” covering the following: Bribery: Giving, offering, or promising to give assets or benefits to Thai or foreign public officials, or officials of international organizations. Acting as a nominee: Assisting, supporting, or engaging in the business operations of a foreign national who is not permitted to operate that business; jointly operating a business with a foreign national under the guise that it is solely owned by the Thai national; or holding shares on behalf of a foreign national in a partnership, limited company, or any other legal entity to help the foreign national conduct business without the permits required under the Foreign Business Act. Under the draft amendments, Thai individuals or juristic persons who have agreed to take any of these actions, as well as foreign nationals who allow such assistance in their business operations, will be liable for committing a predicate offense under the Anti-Money Laundering Act. The draft proposes a prescription period of 15 years from