On June 19, 2018, Vietnam’s prime minister issued Directive No. 17/CT-TTg on strengthening the fight against smuggling, commercial fraud, and the production and trade of fake goods and low-quality goods for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods (Directive 17). Directive 17 states that, while tens of thousands of cases have been discovered and handled, the situation still needs improvement, as infringers are using more complex methods and are located not only in urban areas, but also in many remote regions.